Servos!

In this exercise we were learning how to control servos. We used one servo as is and another that had been hacked to disable it's internal potentiometer. We used a button to switch between them and an off state. Leds show which is enabled.




Here is the code used:


#include <Servo.h>

Servo constant;
Servo angle;

const int ledOff = 6;
const int ledServoCon = 10;
const int ledServoAngle = 3;
const int buttonPin = 2;
const int potPin = A0;
int potValue = 0;
int buttonState = 0;
int buttonPressed = 0;
int ledCount = 0;
int dir = 0;

void setup() {
 
  Serial.begin(9600);
  constant.attach(11);//pins 9 and 10 don't work with servos
  angle.attach(5);
  pinMode(ledOff,OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ledServoCon, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ledServoAngle, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(buttonPin, HIGH);
}

void loop() {
 
   buttonPressed = digitalRead(buttonPin);
   buttonPressed = map(buttonPressed,0,1,1,0);//we want a 1 when it's pressed, so we used map to reverse the inputs
   if(buttonPressed==1){
     buttonState ++;//every time we push the button we increase the button state by 1
     delay(500);//make sure we don't push the button to many times by keeping our finger there too long
   }
   if(buttonState>=3){
     buttonState = 0;
   }
 
   if(buttonState==0){
     digitalWrite(ledServoCon,LOW);
     digitalWrite(ledServoAngle,LOW);
     constant.detach();
     angle.detach();
   
     if(ledCount<=0){
       dir = 2;//double time
     }
     else if(ledCount>=255){
       dir = -2;
     }
     ledCount += dir;
     analogWrite(ledOff,ledCount);//right now this variable will keep the led brightness next time this is activated.
     Serial.println(ledCount);
   }
   else if(buttonState==1){
     digitalWrite(ledOff, LOW);
     digitalWrite(ledServoCon, HIGH);
     digitalWrite(ledServoAngle, LOW);
     constant.attach(11);//because we detach this in our other loops we have to reattach it here.
     constant.write(1);
     angle.detach();
   
   }
   else if(buttonState==2){
     digitalWrite(ledOff, LOW);
     digitalWrite(ledServoCon, LOW);
     digitalWrite(ledServoAngle, HIGH);
     constant.detach();
     angle.attach(5);
   
     potValue = analogRead(potPin); //get value from potentiometer
     Serial.println(potValue);
 //    delay(500);
     potValue = map(potValue,0,1023,0,179);
     angle.write(potValue);
     potValue = map(potValue, 0,179,0,255);
     analogWrite(ledServoAngle, potValue);
     Serial.println(potValue);
   
   }
   
   Serial.print(buttonPressed);
   Serial.print("   ");
   Serial.println(buttonState);
 
   constant.write(179);
 
}

Potentiometer with Alternating LEDs

This was a difficult program, and I still didn't get it all the way...

This video explains what I was trying to do:

Above are two different versions of the code I was trying. In the COM3 window I was showing what happens after you do it a couple of times. Where there should be a zero, there is a two. Midway I reset it, and you can see it return to the state it should be. Here is the code from the one on the left:


const int potPin = A0;
const int led = 3;
const int led2 = 5;
int potValue = 0;
int newValue = 0;
int value2 = 0;

void setup() {
 
  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);
  Serial.begin(9600);
 
}

void loop() {
 
  potValue = analogRead(potPin);
  potValue = map(potValue,0,1023,0,1020);
 
  if(potValue <= 510){
    if(potValue < 255){
      newValue = map(potValue,0,255,0,255);
    }
    else{
    newValue = map(potValue,256,510,255,0);
    value2 = 0;
    }
  }
  else if(potValue >=511){
    if(potValue <= 765){
      value2 = map(potValue,511,765,0,255);
    }
    else{
      value2 = map(potValue,766,1020,255,0);
      newValue = 0;
    }
  }
 
  analogWrite(led, newValue);
  analogWrite(led2, value2);
 
  Serial.print(potValue);
  Serial.print("   ");
  Serial.print(newValue);
  Serial.print("   ");
  Serial.println(value2);
  delay(50);
}

Potentiometer Fun! *woot*

We learned how to take input from a sensor such as a light sensor and feed back a range of values. I used these values to control the brightness of an led. 

Here I used the same programming code and pretty much the same breadboard setup to rig a pressure sensor to a light. 

The great thing is that it doesn't even take a lot of code to run:

const int potPin = A0;

const int led = 3;

int potValue = 0;

int newValue = 0;

void setup() {

  

  pinMode(led, OUTPUT);

  Serial.begin(9600);

  

}

void loop() {

  

  potValue = analogRead(potPin);

  

  newValue = map(potValue,0,1023,0,255);

  

  analogWrite(led, newValue);

  

  Serial.println(potValue); 

  

}

Twinkle Twinkle - Using Button Input

For this project we were learning how to take input from a button and write a program that uses this input to make something happen. I chose to allow a user to play the song "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" by pressing a single button repeatedly. The breadboard setup is simple. I rigged 6 lights parallel through a single resistor and out to ground. The button has a constant charge being output to it which allows the pin to read when it has been grounded by the button being pressed.

The code is below. It's long, but because I did a long song, this was unavoidable. It is mostly repetition.


const int buttonPin = 2;
const int led1 = 3;
const int led2 = 4;
const int led3 = 5;
const int led4 = 6;
const int led5 = 7;
const int led6 = 8;
int musicMarker = 0;
int note = 0;
int buttonDelay = 50;
int lightDelay = 100;

void setup(){
 
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
  digitalWrite(buttonPin, HIGH);
  pinMode(led1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(led2, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(led3, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(led4, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(led5, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(led6, OUTPUT);
 
}

void loop(){
 
  if(digitalRead(buttonPin)==0){
    musicMarker ++;
    delay(buttonDelay);
    }
  if(musicMarker == 1){
    note = 1;
  }else if(musicMarker == 2){
    note = 1;
  }else if(musicMarker == 3){
    note = 5;
  }else if(musicMarker == 4){
    note = 5;
  }else if(musicMarker == 5){
    note = 6;
  }else if(musicMarker == 6){
    note = 6;
  }else if(musicMarker == 7){
    note = 5;
  }else if(musicMarker == 8){
    note = 4;
  }else if(musicMarker == 9){
    note = 4;
  }else if(musicMarker == 10){
    note = 3;
  }else if(musicMarker == 11){
    note = 3;
  }else if(musicMarker == 12){
    note = 2;
  }else if(musicMarker == 13){
    note = 2;
  }else if(musicMarker == 14){
    note = 1;
  }else if(musicMarker == 15){
    note = 5;
  }else if(musicMarker == 16){
    note = 5;
  }else if(musicMarker == 17){
    note = 4;
  }else if(musicMarker == 18){
    note = 4;
  }else if(musicMarker == 19){
    note = 3;
  }else if(musicMarker == 20){
    note = 3;
  }else if(musicMarker == 21){
    note = 2;
  }else if(musicMarker == 22){
    note = 5;
  }else if(musicMarker == 23){
    note = 5;
  }else if(musicMarker == 24){
    note = 4;
  }else if(musicMarker == 25){
    note = 4;
  }else if(musicMarker == 26){
    note = 3;
  }else if(musicMarker == 27){
    note = 3;
  }else if(musicMarker == 28){
    note = 2;
  }else if(musicMarker == 29){
    note = 1;
  }else if(musicMarker == 30){
    note = 1;
  }else if(musicMarker == 31){
    note = 5;
  }else if(musicMarker == 32){
    note = 5;
  }else if(musicMarker == 33){
    note = 6;
  }else if(musicMarker == 34){
    note = 6;
  }else if(musicMarker == 35){
    note = 5;
  }else if(musicMarker == 36){
    note = 4;
  }else if(musicMarker == 37){
    note = 4;
  }else if(musicMarker == 38){
    note = 3;
  }else if(musicMarker == 39){
    note = 3;
  }else if(musicMarker == 40){
    note = 2;
  }else if(musicMarker == 41){
    note = 2;
  }else if(musicMarker == 42){
    note = 1;
  }else{
    note = 0;
    musicMarker = 0;
  }
   
  if(note == 1){
    digitalWrite(led1, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(led2, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led3, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led4, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led5, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led6, LOW);
    delay(lightDelay);
    digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
  }else if(note == 2){
    digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led2, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(led3, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led4, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led5, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led6, LOW);
    delay(lightDelay);
    digitalWrite(led2, LOW);
  }else if(note == 3){
    digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led2, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led3, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(led4, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led5, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led6, LOW);
    delay(lightDelay);
    digitalWrite(led3, LOW);
  }else if(note == 4){
    digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led2, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led3, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led4, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(led5, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led6, LOW);
    delay(lightDelay);
    digitalWrite(led4, LOW);
  }else if(note == 5){
    digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led2, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led3, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led4, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led5, HIGH);
    digitalWrite(led6, LOW);
    delay(lightDelay);
    digitalWrite(led5, LOW);
  }else if(note == 6){
    digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led2, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led3, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led4, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led5, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led6, HIGH);
    delay(lightDelay);
    digitalWrite(led6, LOW);
  }else{
    digitalWrite(led1, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led2, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led3, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led4, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led5, LOW);
    digitalWrite(led6, LOW);
  }
 
}

Pin Modes - Carol of the Bells

We learned how to use the pins to allow us to turn things on and off with programming instead of physical switches. I programmed some lights to blink to the pattern of the Carol of the Bells.

Here is the code I used. It's a bit long, so there's probably a more concise way to write it, but it works.


//melody notes:
int b = 4;
int c = 3;
int d = 2;
//bass notes:
int lb = 8;
int lc = 7;
int ld = 6;
int le = 5;

void setup() {
 
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(b, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(c, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(d, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(lb, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(lc, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ld, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(le, OUTPUT);
   
}

void loop() {
 
  for(int i = 0; i<5; i++){
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  delay(400);
  digitalWrite(d, LOW);
  digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(c,LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(d,LOW);
  digitalWrite(b,HIGH);
  delay(400);
  digitalWrite(b,LOW);
  }
 digitalWrite(le,HIGH);
 digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  delay(400);
  digitalWrite(d, LOW);
  digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(c,LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(d,LOW);
  digitalWrite(b,HIGH);
  delay(400);
  digitalWrite(b,LOW);
  digitalWrite(le,LOW);

 digitalWrite(ld,HIGH);
 digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  delay(400);
  digitalWrite(d, LOW);
  digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(c,LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(d,LOW);
  digitalWrite(b,HIGH);
  delay(400);
  digitalWrite(b,LOW);
  digitalWrite(ld,LOW);
 
  digitalWrite(lc,HIGH);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  delay(400);
  digitalWrite(d, LOW);
  digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(c,LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(d,LOW);
  digitalWrite(b,HIGH);
  delay(400);
  digitalWrite(b,LOW);
  digitalWrite(lc,LOW);
 
  digitalWrite(lb,HIGH);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  delay(400);
  digitalWrite(d, LOW);
  digitalWrite(c, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(c,LOW);
  digitalWrite(d, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(d,LOW);
  digitalWrite(b,HIGH);
  delay(400);
  digitalWrite(b,LOW);
  digitalWrite(lb,LOW);

}

Introduction to Arduino Programming

Here is a program which upon start-up displays "I'm working". Then after 1.5 seconds counts by fives to thirty at which point the counter is set to 0 and it starts again:

int data;

void setup() {
 
  Serial.begin(9600);
  Serial.println("I'm working");
  delay(1500);
  data = 0;
}

void loop() {

 data +=5;
 Serial.print("Count by fives  ");
 Serial.println(data);
 delay(500);

 if(data==30){
  data=0;
 }
}

Here is an example of it working:
 

Dimmer Switch

 Some introductions in electrical wiring: we rigged a dimmer switch.
See it in action.

Off

Turned a little

ON

with a button added

Turned on with both a button and switch!